2. What resource did plants need to find a way to conserve to move to land?

3. Why is the text using the definition of embryophytes for inclusion in the plant kingdom?

4. What are the five derived traits that appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophyceans?

5. Thinking back to our chapter on classification – how is the clade terminology using primitive and derived traits a clear way of studying the evolution of plants?

6. What is a cuticle?

7. What are secondary compounds and how are they an advantage to plants? Give some examples.

8. Use the diagram below to label and discuss plant evolution in broad terms.

9. What general characteristics could you infer about plants that lack vascular tissue?

10. What general characteristics could you infer about plants that have a vascular system?

11. What is the alternative to having a seed?

12. As you read about plant life cycles consider these questions:
Is the gametophyte dependent on the sporophyte?

Is the sporophyte dependent on the gametophyte?

Doe the organism spend a greater part of the life cycle as haploid or diploid?

Notice the trends.
13. What are the three phyla represented by the Bryophytes?

14. What are some of the ecological and economic benefits of moss? List at least three.

15. What was the dominant life cycle in Seedless Vascular Plants?

16. Define the following terms:
a. Xylem

b. Tracheids

c. Lignin

d. Phloem

e. Roots

f. Leaves

g. Microphylls

h. Megaphylls

17. Define the following terms:
a. Megaspores

b. Microspores

18. What is the difference between a plant being homosporous and heterosporous?

19. What effect did the development of the first forests have on carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?