7. Where would you expect most water soluble messengers to bind and why?
AP Biology Name _________________________
Chapter 11 Guided Reading Assignment
1. What is a signal transduction pathway?
2. How do intercellular connections function in cell to cell communication?
3. Explain the two types of local signaling:
a. Paracrine signaling
b. Synaptic signaling
4. Define the three stages of cell communication:
a. Reception
b. Transduction
c. Response
5. What is a ligand?
6. Label the diagram below of a steroid interacting with an intracellular receptor.
7. Where would you expect most water soluble messengers to bind and why?
8. The G-protein-linked receptor is located ___________________. When GDP is attached to the G protein the messenger is considered _______. GTP replaces GDP and now the messenger is considered _______. The G protein carrying the GTP leaves the receptor and _______ and enzyme which causes a cellular response. All of this is brought on by a _______ ________ attaching to the G-protein-linked receptor and will shut down quickly when the ___________ ____________ is no longer there.
9. What is a kinase?
10. A tyrosine kinase receptor is different from a G-protein linked receptor in that it can trigger ______ _______ ______ pathway at the same time. When both ____________ ____________ are in their receptor sites, the molecules form a dimer – two molecules joined together. ATP is converted to ADP and the __________ gets attached to the tyrosine molecules. The addition of the _____________ causes a cascade of cellular responses.
11. Ligand gated means controlled by the _______ or signal molecule. If the
door is closed, certain ____ are blocked from entering the cell. When the ___________
or signal molecule is attached, the door is open for certain _____ to enter
the cell. These types of receptors are important in the __________ _____________.
12. What is a signal transduction pathway?
13. Phosphorylation cascades are similar to a row of dominoes falling down, instead of one domino knocking down the next, a phosphate being added activates the message. In this way, a series of different _______ are each ___________ one after another. Inactive protein kinase 1 gets a _________ added and now it is _________ protein kinase 1. Active protein kinase 1 transfers a _______ and now inactive protein kinase 2 is now ________. This continues until the desired __________ is activated to cause a cellular response.
14. Complete the diagram below of cAMP as second messenger:
15. How does cholera connect with the concepts of cell to cell communication?
16. Label the diagram below showing calcium and IP3 in a cell.
