4. Using the diagram below – label the steps to cloning a human gene in a bacterial plasmid
5. Explain in your own words two ways that we know the cell clones carry the recombinant plasmids?
AP Biology Name _________________________
Chapter 20 Guided Reading Assignment
1. What are the two broad areas of use and two examples after a host cell grown
in culture to form a clone of cells containing the “cloned gene of interest.”
2. What is the other name for restriction enzymes and what do these enzymes do for bacteria in “Nature”?
3. Label the following diagram.
4. Using the diagram below – label the steps to cloning a human gene in
a bacterial plasmid
5. Explain in your own words two ways that we know the cell clones carry the
recombinant plasmids?
6. What is the purpose of nucleic acid hybridization? Why is the word hybrid used?
7. Why do scientists use a radioactive isotope tag for the probes?
8. How is DNA denaturation different than protein denaturation?
9. Label the following steps of nucleic acid probe hybridization.
10. How are bacteriophages used for making genomic libraries and what are some
of the advantages of this?
11. What are the steps in making complementary DNA – cDNA?
12. Compare and contrast the advantages of cDNA libraries and genomic libraries.
13. What is an expression vector and what problem does it solve?
14. Why do molecular biologists use yeast as opposed to bacteria for expressing genes of interest?
15. What is electroporation?
16. Why is PCR – polymerase chain reaction important in many aspects of biotechnology?
17. Label the diagram of PCR below.
18. What is the purpose and general process of gel electrophoresis?
19. Label the diagram below – focus on the charge, molecule size and results.
20. Label the diagram below – focus on identifying the fragments.
21. Define and explain the significance of RFLP’s – restriction
length polymorphisms.
22. What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project?
23. Label the diagram outlining the Southern Blotting of DNA Fragments
24. What is the goal of DNA sequencing?
25. Outline the diagram below of Dideoxy Chain Termination – I know this
seems difficult to follow at first but at least copy the main ideas before we
go over it in class.
26. What is the basic concept of the whole-genome shotgun approach to sequencing?
27. Is there a direct correlation between size of the genome and the complexity of the organism?
28. What is in vitro mutagenesis and what does it help the scientist understand?
29. What are some of the examples of the medical applications of biotechnology?
30. What are the basic steps in human gene therapy with a retroviral vector?
31. Have there been problems with this procedure?
32. What is a DNA fingerprint?
33. What is a transgenic animal?
34. How are plasmids used in agriculture and genetic engineering in plants?
35. What are genetically modified foods and do you think that you have eaten
any?